Marketing assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing - Assignment Example This maintains consistency and keeps the message straightforward to all customers. Furthermore, the integration also allows for Best Buy to communicate to all purchasing markets, no matter how large or small. This helps position Best Buy as a household name, not to be viewed as a corporate monster. This shows people that Best Buy provides products to all people and its products and prices do not discriminate, which is a beneficial component to implementing a successful integrated multi-channel marketing campaign. We promote differently because our organization uses social networking much more effectively and primarily than Best Buy would. Best Buy uses the internet for mostly on-site advertising; however, our organization concentrates on using social media to allow purchasers to share the word about our products and specials. This is helpful especially considering that anyone who uses our social networking channels will be able to receive special coupons and discounts that can only be received through mobile or social media

Fire Protection Hydraulics and Water Supply Essay

Fire Protection Hydraulics and Water Supply - Essay Example o different parts of a building and for local distribution to the miniature network of pipes in the building and they convey water to these respective regions in large quantities. They are more reliable when two or more primary feeder systems are extended by independent means from the supply source to the most important regions of the municipality (Brannigan & Corbett ,2008). Secondary feeders are water distribution systems that are made up of network of pipes that are quite smaller in size to the Primary feeder system. They strengthen the water distribution system and are surrounded by different sections of the primary feeder system. The Secondary feeder system helps in the full concentration of water and control the rate of fire flow that is required at a particular region in a building. It is necessary to give two water delivery directions to any spot; hence the secondary feeder system must be arranged in loops (Brannigan & Corbett ,2008). Distributors are the smallest class of the water distribution system as they consist of much smaller mains when compared to the primary and secondary feeder system. The distributor system is mainly used for specific fire hydrants and individual units of users(Brannigan & Corbett

Chinesse Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chinesse Culture - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to do just that, as well as discuss several other particular issues, which are: the history of China in the United States, the traditional Chinese perceptions of health and illness, the traditional Chinese healing methods and views on death, and the current healthcare problems of China. By thoroughly addressing and discussing all of these issues, we will be able to come to a much more informed and knowledgeable understanding on the subject matter at hand overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The early history of China is rather complicated, primarily by that of the lack of a written language during this period, coupled with the existence of documents from later time periods which attempted to described certain events which occurred several centuries beforehand, thus obviously causing quite a bit of confusion and complexion. However the earliest comprehensive history of China, the Records of the Grand Historian, which were written a Chinese historiographer named Sima Qian in the 2nd century BC, and as well the Bamboo Annuals, are both able to trace and consequently show Chinese history from about 2800 BC, with an account of the Three August Ones and the Five Emperors. It is actually considered as being unknown as to who the first Chinese was to set foot in America, it is thought that more than likely it was a fisherman and that it was in San Diego. In the early 1850s, many Chinese came to California in search of gold, and later on they came as contract laborers to work on the railroads and other construction projects, and as gold mining was increasingly difficult for them and the construction projects were completed, they soon then began to seek other means of livelihood. From San Francisco and Monterey Bays the Chinese then began to go south to San Diego, where they ended up establishing a base to fish the waters all the way to Cabo San Lucas in Mexico. "They established a fishing village at Roseville in Pt. Loma and another at the foot of San Diego's New Town, the latter village to become Chinatown. They dominated this industry until 1890, and during its peak built and sailed as many as 18 junks. Besides a wide variety of fish, they had exclusi ve domain in the pursuit of abalone. They were able to supply all the fresh fish requirements of San Diego and to export dried fish products to other Chinese communities worldwide" (Lee, 1996). Then, starting in about the 1880s, the activities that were completed by the Chinese in San Diego increased, including construction of the Californian Southern Railroad between National City and San Bernardino, and as well they were involved with the work that was done on the San Diego Flume, which carried water from the Cuyamaca Reservoir to San Diego for 36 miles on 315 redwood trestles and through 5 tunnels. What's more, is that besides providing labor for large projects in irrigation and flood control, the Chinese were also involved largely in the mining of gold and precious gems in the mountains that centered in Julian. Besides fishing, which was one of the activities th

Supply Chain Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Essay Definition: A supply chain is a network of suppliers, manufacturer and distributors which helps in transformation of raw materials into valuable products and delivering them to the customers at right price, right place and right time. The concept of supply chain applies not only to the physical products but also to services. In the case of services, suppliers become service supporter, manufacturer becomes service creator and the distributors become service provider. The aim of the supply chain is to create value by providing the customer with products and services efficiently. The supply chain is not a simple series of connections, rather it’s a complex chain of people and organizations connected to each other and interacting to create value. The various components of a supply chain are explained below: 1. Suppliers/Service Supporter: It refers to person(s), firm(s) or organization(s) that supply raw materials that can be used to manufacture the final product. For example in case of manufacturing car as final product, someone who provides tyres, engines, car chassis or any other part would be called a supplier. In case of a service, it refers to someone who provides the support in the creation of the service to the customer. For example in case of creating hotel services for customer the catering, the laundry etc. act as service supporter. In a supply chain there do not exist a single supplier, rather there are multiple suppliers or multi-tier suppliers. The supplier which is closest to the manufacturer is called first tier supplier and the chain goes on to second tier, third tier†¦ as we move away from the manufacturer. For example in car manufacturing supply chain the firms providing engines, windows, car chassis, tyres etc. are first tier suppliers whereas the firms providing steel to manufacture car chassis, rubber to manufacture tyres are second tier suppliers. 2. Manufacturer/Service Creator: It refers to person(s), firm(s) or organization(s) that manufacture the final product by processing  and assembling all the raw materials. In case of services it refers to someone who assembles all the service supports and creates the final service. A firm can act both as a supplier and a manufacturer. In above case of car manufacturing the firm which supplies tyre to the manufacturer of car act as supplier for that firm but it acts as a manufacturer for the firm supplying rubber. 3. Distributor/Service Provider: It refers to person(s), firm(s) or organization(s) that take the finished (final) products to the customer. So in case of car supply chain, the showrooms or dealers that provide the cars to customers are distributors. In case of a service, it refers to someone who provides the final service to the customer. For example in case of telecom services, Airtel, Vodafone etc. are the service providers. There can be many distributors in a supply chain depending upon the customer location. Sometimes the customers get the final product/service directly from the company showrooms and stores (for e.g. BMW and Audi showrooms, McDonald’s outlets) while sometimes the product reaches the customer through a network of wholesalers and retailers (the FMCG products, Pepsi and cola drinks etc.) 4. Customer/Consumer: They are the one who use the final product or service.They end this chain. A Case study of Ford: How did Supply Chain system helped the company to grow. Since the 1970s, the Big Three automakers (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) have seen their home markets invaded by foreign-based auto manufacturers (Toyota and Honda). In addition, the auto industry was facing overcapacity of an estimated 20 million vehicles. This lead to decreased profit margins for automakers as well as reduced sales. So, with all of these issues in the automobile industry, it was no wonder that Ford felt like it needed to make some changes to compete. Ford, like many older companies, was still using a traditional to their supply chain. Ford had tried to control as many aspects of the end vehicle  production as possible; from the production of raw materials in steel mills and rubber plantations, through all of the design, manufacturing, assembly and distribution activities. A truly vertically integrated supply chain. Unfortunately, this approach made it difficult for Ford to complete in the global automobile industry, and for that reason Ford Management felt it was time to change Ford’s supply chain. Since the late 1980s, Ford has been using a modified version of the traditional supply chain approach, by utilizing outsourcing and partnerships to handle certain functions of the supply chain. Ford does this through its â€Å"Tier 1† suppliers. These suppliers have a long term relationship with Ford and then they manage the relationships with the larger base of component suppliers. Later on Ford began using virtually integrated supply chain. With a virtually integrated supply chain, we instead have loose affiliations of companies organized as a supply network, where physical assets are replaced by information. Within a virtually integrated supply chain, manufacturing continues to be controlled by the company’s planning department, however this is not through the issuing of purchase orders, but instead by providing logistics management and forecasts for demand and receipts. With this information, the companies’ manufacturing partners can plan their production to meet the needs of the company and the market. Finished goods are no longer delivered by the company, instead they go directly to a warehousing/distribution partner who sends the products to the customers as orders come in. External Sources used for reference: http://www.slideshare.net/adithya_msridhar/ford-motor-final-presentation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain

Supermarkets And Consumer Behavior In Vietnam Marketing Essay

Supermarkets And Consumer Behavior In Vietnam Marketing Essay Introduction; product and assignment First I believe it is important to briefly fresh up the memory of what product this assignment is based on. Or at least what the outcome of this gathered information will be compared against. The product to introduce in Vietnam is CartCom. It provides the super markets with a new way to communicate with their customers. It is a plastic bracket that is clicked on the handle of the shopping cart and it can be provided with material as advertisements from suppliers or information from the chain. This material is printed on cardboards and put inside the bracket for customers to observe, read, remember and eventually shop. This assignment will emphasize on the change in the Vietnamese society concerning the way they shop and where they shop. There will be focus on numbers, statistics and facts to justify my statements. First I will concentrate on the change from the charming and typical Vietnamese street markets, to the more western way of grocery shopping: the super markets. Later on I will turn the focus on to the consumer behavior in Vietnam and how the presented information affects the introduction of CartCom to the retail chains in Vietnam. The change from traditional street markets to modern supermarkets C:UsersKamillaDesktopcoop mart in vietnam.jpgC:UsersKamillaDesktopStreet market in Vietnam.jpg There has been a remarkable change in the socio culture regarding the shopping in Vietnam. The trends have now changed the routines of grocery shopping and preferences from street markets to super markets. 56% of the total population in Vietnam is below the age of thirty.  [1]  A young population means growth in purchasing power and therefore the super markets could target Vietnam, expand and push the people of Vietnam to join in on this kind of shopping culture. Vietnam retail Industry Analysis has found that Vietnam is set to undergo a huge transformation from 2007 to 2011.  [2]  The air conditions mini marts and the supermarkets are becoming dominant. This also means that Vietnam is currently experiencing significant changes to the distribution system in particular, but also the food system it selves.  [3]   Supermarkets are replacing the traditional Vietnamese hawkers and markets. Their street life, shopping habits are changing because of western trends are taken into consideration and followed. Many are disappointed, especially guides and tourists, because local markets and street vendors are now closing. But this is all because of the change in the socio culture and the change in the peoples preferences regarding their shopping habits. The government is encouraging the boom in shopping centre development and the abandoning of traditional markets.  [4]  The supermarket business is very successful and the Vietnamese retail market is viewed as the third most promising retail market in the world.  [5]   Supermarkets versus street markets How could the supermarkets take charge in Vietnam? Do they provide the same value as the old markets? Probably they do, if not they would not survive. Concerning the consumer behavior there are three topics to touch upon regarding the Vietnamese retail market. The numbers are collected at Ac Nielsen ´s report on groceries in Vietnam from 2010. First I found that 67% of total consumer expenditure is on fresh food. This means that eventually the supermarkets became excellent in their offerings of fresh food, so the consumers could turn from the street markets (known for the splendid fresh groceries) and to the supermarkets. If the supermarkets did not offer a satisfying solution to the consumers need for fresh food, I believe this change would not be happening so quickly and maybe the local markets would survive a bit longer. The supermarket chains knew what they needed to provide to turn the consumers into supermarket shopping instead of street market shopping. And they succeeded. The second important issue to touch upon is that most consumers (64%) are aware of price changes and are continually searching for promotions. So the supermarkets have an advantage regarding their opportunity to purchase large amounts of goods and groceries, store them and offer promotions weekly and even daily. This in balance with the promise of always having fresh food. High quality goods and frequent big sales are drawing large numbers of shoppers to supermarkets and away from traditional markets. Supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City are crammed with people during weekends and attracting most middle-income customers.  [6]  This proves the strong positions the supermarkets are now gaining in Vietnam, and Ho Chi Minh City. Finally it is said that Vietnamese people buy and use Vietnamese products. In connection with CartCom; this is why we chose not to provide the advertising material to the CartCom in addition to the bracket. The supermarkets know their suppliers and they know their customers, we have no knowledge and nothing to contribute concerning the design and decisions for the material used inside. To expand the value in our product to new highs, we will look into the possibility of introducing the screens instead of the plastic bracket. We believe this is yet to expensive and complicated, but when we have gotten the retail chains to see the effect of CartCom, we believe there is opportunities for a digital screen on the carts where you will be able to have your shopping list and also receive information and advertisements. Consumer behavior in Vietnam; south compared to north A finding concerning the consumer behavior alone is worth noticing. This is the differences in consumer behavior between north and south in Vietnam. We will introduce CartCom to Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) primarily, so I will focus on this city describing the behavior. Regarding promotion the people here favor all types of promotion, and from my point of view they are more innovative and unrestricted. Price promotions alone will not appeal strongly to the consumers in HCMC. In north this type of promotion is the most effective. As a result the CartCom can be explored in many different ways in the south and not only be used to push sale and push information on low prices. The supermarkets can use CartCom to provide advertising using the supplier brands in other promotions like for example dinner tips and exclusiveness, quality and accessibility in stores. One last finding worth discussing is that the people in HCMC and in the south are more early adapters than in the north. It is always important to think of the decision makers. We are in the b2b market and when selling to companies, in our case the supermarket chains, the decision makers will also here be the key to success. Who are making the decisions whether or not to start using CartCom? One thing is certain; if it is people from south that makes the decisions we are more likely to be approved. The supermarkets are in the b2c market and they make decisions on the basis of what they believe their customers will approve of. People in HCMC are innovative, early adapters and approving of new ideas concerning promotions.  [7]  I believe HCMC is a right choice because CartCom has a good chance of succeeding there and also because the people here fit the description of what kind of customers needed for the desirable response we wish to achieve. Conclusion; CartCom in Vietnam We have reasons to believe that the consumer behavior inside the supermarkets in Vietnam do not differ from other countries. The reasons why that is, is the supermarkets have not done any radical changes within the stores to adapt other that of course different food and local suppliers. The customers in Vietnam is like other customers visiting supermarkets, they usually bring a shopping list and make use of a shopping cart or a basket. The customers shopping with kids can place the kids in the cart, but this will not cover the CartCom. As shown in the pictures there are still room for CartComs new advertising space. In the picture to the left a child has joined in on the shopping, the CartCom will be placed under the shoppers right hand. There are cart with baby seats on top of the handle, but they only cover the old seat like this one is using, and not he handle. The bracket is placed on the handle where the cart is being pushed, as shown in the picture to the right. C:UsersKamillaDesktopcartcom.jpgC:UsersKamillaDesktopbaby i vogn The shopping will take place as it usually does, only we see a trend for larger purchases and this may make room for larger stores and bigger amount of carts in the stores. Up until now there had been a change in consumer behavior from street market shopping to the supermarket shopping. This has been The Co-op Mart chain that is CartComs first target has had an increase in both customers and revenues by more than 40% compared to the same period last year.  [8]   There has been a sufficient increase in the supermarket industry and this gains all participants as well as the chains. CartCom we believe will be one of the participants and the increase in profitability in this industry will create opportunities for CartCom to sell more and eventually expand with the screens, as shown in the picture. C:UsersKamillaDesktopskjerm cartcom Will the consumers continue changing their behavior? Another thing worth noticing is the perceived threat of consumers changing their behavior, as they have been doing up until now. The average perception of this is analyzed in Ac Nielsens report on grocery shopping from 2010. The results tell us that Vietnamese consumers are anticipated to change their behavior on several highlighted elements. Elements like purchasing more local food, buy bigger packs to save money, purchase more on promotion and change channel of information received. However because it is expected to change on every subject, I believe this is just another hint telling us that the retail industry will continue growing. I believe the consumer behavior will keep on changing into the western way of shopping, in supermarkets with carts and postponed for in-store advertising. This way of shopping also includes the large purchases to save money and advertising for low prices. The push marketing strategy is becoming old and the chains, we believe, is in need for a new and innovative way of exposing the customers with communication material. I want to highlight one finding from this model. It states that they are anticipating the Vietnamese consumers to buy more Vietnamese products in the close future. This is likely to be a trend to support the countries operations and not import. Also it is supporting short travelled food and environmental focus. Conclusion How inhabitants do their shopping is different in every country. In Vietnam there has been a change from street markets to supermarkets and this creates opportunities for several participants. CartCom is one of them and by introducing a new way of reaching out to consumers during the shopping, we believe we can expand to using screens and that way not be duplicated easily because the plastic brackets are just the beginning of a revolution within in-store advertising. The Ac Nielsen grocery report 2010 http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:y_ldKXyUxcsJ:www.acnielsen.com.vn/site/documents/NielsenVietnamGroceryReportAugust2010.pdf+annual+grocery+report+vietnamhl=nopid=blsrcid=ADGEEShbEBLuDEgDbLQ2NJ5S7dE88LIKbDgtivJ7sJ2yy_M75REjQQvFQQx-1ui3bKdTaaBJi1WKPjwytuw2cjV4IsjqpxLiHUYW0vwxkVm2EwIo1FQo3N7N-INR1KExLRr7znvufnOqsig=AHIEtbSERBeXR8i9t1hcDfpPRnF00k4_7A

Psychology Essays Relationship Therapist Client

Psychology Essays Relationship Therapist Client Relationship Therapist Client In the book â€Å"The Process of Counseling and Therapy† the authors outline a framework and series of guidelines for becoming a more effective psychotherapist. The purpose of a therapist is to help the client help themselves, gain a better understanding of his thinking, feelings and behavior, which will help him perform better in those areas of living, which have been limiting. The author also focuses on authenticity in the relationship between therapist and client, provides information on clients from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds (African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians), gay and lesbian clients, the elderly and clients from different religious backgrounds, and clinical information in regards to groups, individual and family. In this paper I will compare the differences in these therapy settings. People go to therapy because they have problems and need help in solving their problems. Some individuals, when faced with difficulties may be able to work them out and that is well. But if they cannot, seeing a therapist can help them choose a path to take for the solution to their problems. A person may choose to see a therapist on an individual basis. The reason being that they can speak more freely one-on-one rather than in front of many people, even if it is their own family. The only draw back in individual therapy is that if the clients’ problems stem from something going on within a family unit, it could be more difficult for both the client and therapist to resolve some of the problems the client has. In the movie â€Å"Ordinary People† I feel that had the family, as a whole, go to therapy, and the family unit would have stayed in tack. There is no guarantee that this would have been the outcome but I feel that Conrad’s mother needed to find a way to express her feelings. I feel that deep down inside she felt compassion but on the surface there was a wall which she and her â€Å"ideal† way of living produces, and she just couldn’t get through it alone. In individual therapy you get feedback from the therapist, which could be all that a client needs. Making a decision to begin could be monumental in itself and going for individual therapy could make you feel that you’re in a safe emotional environment. The client could feel that with the caring therapist there is no need to hold back for fear of criticism or judgment from other. A client who is puzzled by the things that keep happening to them can be shown with individual therapy, why these things happen and what they can do to gain control of their life. Individual therapy also enables the client to examine at their own pace the origins of there problems and also have a feeling of privacy and confidentiality. There are certain objectives in individual therapy. Clients will establish a relationship of trust to facilitate to come to terms with their issues. Another objective is to help the client discover and implement ways to change and improve THEIR life and also to promote the understanding of emotion and enhance the client’s ability in THEIR relationships. In â€Å"Ordinary People† by Conrad going for individual therapy he attained these goals but the family as a unit still fell apart. This is where I feel family therapy would have helped. Just by Conrad’s father meeting with Dr. Berger one time helped him see the family for what it was and made him realize that Conrad’s emotions weren’t the only cause of the family’s problems. In family counseling, the therapist works with the entire family system. Family counseling can help a family adjust whenever there is a change in family dynamics or you can simply realize that the family has gotten into a â€Å"rut† and you may want to achieve a healthier style of interaction. There may be times during family counseling that sessions may involve only a few family members or even a single individual. Family therapy usually is initiated by one member going or is brought to a therapist with particular problems. The therapist must then decide which therapist option will best meet the needs of the person or persons seeking help. Since change in any one family member inevitably has its impact on the whole family group, it is important to determine which option to choose. Family therapy is considered when a family appears to be having difficulty making the changes needed to pass from one stage to the next. It is an effective way of dealing with problems that are embedded in a troubles family system. It can also be usefully combined with treatment of individual family members. The difference between individual counseling and family counseling is that even though it seems that a client in individual therapy has reached his personal goal if there is still conflict when the family unit it will be harder for the client to deal with his role within the family. One major success of family therapy is to learn about how to be part of a group and at the same time be separate. Many families have difficulty achieving this balance. Either they emphasize family solidarity to such an extent that individual members have to relinquish their independence, or they emphasize individual independence to such an extent that there remains no family commitment whatsoever. Very often the difficulty in balancing these two, underlies the problems that families in therapy experience. It is very unusual for a family to enter family therapy with the understanding that family change or some change in the structure of the family is desirable. The usual complaint is that someone is acting up and the family is having trouble controlling him/her. The job of the family therapist as opposed to the individual therapist is to help the family develop additional goals in order to expand their perception of the problem related to the group-interaction level. In individual therapy the therapist would be counseling the so-called â€Å"troublesome one† one how to deal with his feelings and how to cope with the family around him and also in individual therapy the therapist is only hearing what his client has to say and can’t really get the â€Å"big picture†. There are times when a parent will call a therapist to make an appointment for her child whom she says is acting irresponsible and could not be depended on. She also may explain that there are two younger children in the family and that the older child’s behavior would have a bad effect on the younger ones. When speaking to the therapist he may suggest that the whole family come to the first session because it would be important to get all the family members ideas about what was going on. After asking each member of the family to explain why they thought they were there it was discovered that each member had a different goal based on individual understanding of what was happening in the family. Had the therapist just seen the â€Å"problem child† he would have helped him/her but not the family as a unit. In family therapy each member has a goal that is different from the other member’s goal and also the family as a unit has a goal. The therapist develops goals that encompass some significant behavioral pattern changes within the family. The therapist wants the family to experience a safe environment where no one feels that it is solely their fault for what is going on in the family. Some of these goals may be better communication, improve empathy and understanding, improve the ability to deal with and accept differences, improve independence and individualization and to develop a balance between individual independence and family solidarity. Goal setting in family therapy is connected with the work of the therapist itself and the developmental stage of the family. Whereas in individual therapy just the client and therapist set goals for the client to gain control of what he/she desires. The development of the family relationship dynamic is crucial to individual person development. Effective communication throughout the family is very important. Each member of the family must have a choice and be listened to. Group therapy is different from individual therapy in a number of ways. One difference is the number of people in the room with the therapist. Originally group therapy was used as a cost-saving measure, in institutional settings where many people needed psychologists to discover that the group experience benefited people in many ways that were not always addressed in individual therapy. Since we live and interact with people everyday, we know how beneficial it is when we take the time to share our experiences and challenges with others. In group therapy it provides a place to come together with other. Here the client can share problems and concerns and learn from and with each other. The client can get support and knowledge from other group members and also given the opportunity to experiment new behaviors in front of the group. There is another difference between individual and group therapy, at least not in the same way. In group therapy you would get feedback from a group as opposed to just the therapist. Also in group therapy there is an aire about how group members use each other in their process of growth and change. There is also much information that can be attained in a group. For example, another member may know of a book in which your problems are identified and solved, which could be helpful in your own process or there could have been a documentary which could also be helpful to you. Also, you use of body language and how to become more aware of it, is a skill which you can practice. Many people, when confronted with a problem, will respond with â€Å"I didn’t say a thing† and not understand why they are being pinpointed with a problem attitude. Body language is a very strong way in which we communicate our feelings and thoughts but just don’t realize it. Social skills is another skill in which the client can learn how to listen to others and share his/her thoughts and feelings in an appropriate way. In an individual therapy session, the client has only the therapist to get feedback from. In a group there is a need to learn how to communicate with each other openly. Most individuals’ problems stem from interpersonal relationships; individuals in a group can openly discuss it in the presence of others and help the client help him/herself work them out. Communication skills acquired and learned and developed in a group is an important aspect in any therapy, especially group therapy. If the client has the confidence in he/her ability to make good contact with others it will help him/her to be more confident with themselves and help build their own self-esteem. In group therapy each member has an opportunity to try out new ways of behaving and they also have the opportunity for learning more about how they interact with others. The main benefit group therapy may have over individual therapy is that some patients behave and react more like themselves in a group setting than they would in a one-on-one with a therapist. The group therapy patient gains a certain identity and social acceptance from their membership in the group. They are not alone. They are surrounded by others who have the same anxieties and emotional issues that they have. Seeing how others deal with these issues may give them new solution to their problems. Group therapy may also simulate family experiences of patients and will allow family dynamic issues to emerge. The success of group therapy is that people feel free to care about each other because of the climate of trust in a group. Most therapy groups do have some basic ground rules that are usually discussed during the first session. Patients are asked not to share what goes on in the therapy sessions with anyone outside of the group. This protects the confidentiality of the other members. They may also be asked not to see other group member socially outside of therapy because of the harmful effect it might have on the dynamics of the group. There may be risks in group therapy as apposed to individual therapy. Some very fragile patients may not be able to tolerate aggressive or hostile comments from group members. Patients who have trouble communicating in group situations may be at risk in dropping out of the group. If no one comments on their silence or makes an attempt to interact with them, they may begin to feel more isolated instead of identifying with the group. Therefore, the therapist usually attempts to encourage silent member to participate early on in treatment. Sometimes, a client is recommended to seek individual therapy until their therapist feels that the client is ready to benefit from group therapy. If they therapist does not run groups he/she may refer the patient to a group therapist while continuing to see the patient individually. After reading the book, the â€Å"Process of Counseling and Therapy† by Janet Moursund and Maureen C. Kenny, I feel that patients gains a better understanding of themselves and a stronger set of interpersonal and coping skills through the group therapy process. In family therapy the development of the family relationship dynamic is crucial to individual personal development. One common goal in all three therapies is the acquisition of communication skills. Effective communication throughout the family is very important as well as communicating in the social circles. Each individual should have a voice and be listened to and also ready to hear what others have to say.

James Baldwin’s Visions Of America and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Me

James Baldwin’s Visions Of America and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many immigrant and minority narratives concentrate their efforts on the positive side of the American dream. These particular stories narrate a person's struggle and rise through the ranks of the Am6rican hierarchy focusing on the opportunities that seem to abound in this country. While these stories are well and good. they do seem to soft peddle the flip side of this country's attitude toward the immigrant and minority. America is a land of milk and honey and opportunity, but unfortunately most new officiates or unwilling participants in the American culture face an American nightmare that leaves its effects on the individuals, families and cultures for generations to come. America has its own deeply seated prejudices and stereotypes of people from outside its walI5 and these prejudices force some immigrants and minorities either to abandon former cultural ties in order to assimilate or to strap on the baldric of equality that changes their lives forever. Two authors, in particular, will help explore this idea that an immigrant or minority experiencing the trauma of bigotry must in some way attempt to reconcile their own cultural heritage with the demands of a new society that objects to their very cultural difference. James Baldwin and Richard Rodriguez experienced this type of immigrant and minority angst regarding their own ties to their cultural and racial backgrounds. Baldwin struggled with the desire to be a writer, not just a black writer, amidst the chaos and protests of the 1960's political movement and Richard Rodriguez battled between the pull of assimilation and the success it promised and his own feelings of familial betrayal... ...d, for their very words echo the sounds of their communities' cries for equal and peaceful co-existence. However, as both Baldwin and Rodriguez recognize and proclaim there will always be a need for their type of experiences because it is only through the loss of their cultural identity that they realized the precious gift it is. Works Cited Baldwin, James. "No Name In The Street". Visions Of America. Ed. Wesley Brown and Amy Ling. Persea 116oks: New York, 1993. 284-290. Harris, Trudier. New Essays On Go Tell It On The Mountain. Ed. Trudier Harris. Cambridge UP: New York, 1996. 1-28. Leeming, David. James Baldwin: A Biography . Alfred A. Knopf. New York, 1994. Porter, Horace. Stealing The Fire. Weslayan UP: Middletown, 1989. Rodriguez, Richard. Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez: An Autobiographv. Bantam: New York, 1983.