Individual, team and racquet athletics Essay Example for Free

Individual, team and racquet athletics EssaySport contains mainly perceptual motor skills so it is important to select the correct skill for the situation. The process used to select the correct skill is called the entropy impact system or the DCR process, because we Detect nurture, Comp atomic number 18 it with previous experiences and then react.Welford said that all knowledge is taken in as stimuli through our senses. It is then stored in the short circumstance memory in the lead being sorted, if the stimulus is germane(predicate) to the current skill then it is stored in the short bourn memory where it is compargond to previous experiences in the enormous term memory. Then a decisiveness is do as to what march to take based on this comparison. The carry out that was performed and the outcome from this action be then stored in the yearn term memory for future reference. Welfords model is shown belowThis model makes a promoter react in the way that they do to a situation only if on that point are many an(prenominal) factors that pile persuade what action the performer decides to take. These include time obtainable, number and intensity of stimuli, experience, anticipation, fitness and motivation of the performer. The effect these factors take a shit on a performer will vary from various(prenominal), racquet and team sports.The time that you cede available to process the incoming stimuli differs in each sport. For example in rugby, which is externally paced, you have a picayune amount of time to process the stimuli and make a decision because there are normally many defenders nearly you. Tennis players withal have very little time to react because the junky is usually travelling at a high speed and if they dont make a decision and return the musket clustering they will lose the point. However in golf, an internally paced sport, the player can take as long as they need to make a decision because there are no opponents direc tly around them.There are three main types of stimuli that enter the sensory input these areVision is where a player will react to a visual stimulus such as the position of the ball or an opponent. These stimuli are easier to detect and react to if the stimulus is intellectualer. For example in tennis the ball is b aright yellow which makes it easier to see. But there are likewise unwanted stimuli such as ball boys move or crowd movements these stimuli are obviously irrelevant but they are still initially taken in which easilys down the whole process. In an various(prenominal) sport there are fewer visual stimuli for example in a 100m race the only real visual stimulus is where the finish rail line is in relation to you.Audition this is all stimuli that are heard, for example when a team mate calls for the ball in rugby. Auditable stimuli are heard and processed easier and faster if they are loud and clear. There are also irrelevant auditable stimuli such as crowd noise these will slow down the data processing model.Proprioception this is made up of three componentsEquilibrium this is an awareness of your body position and balance. We can tell if we are about to fall over and where we are in relation to objects. Team sports are more in all probability to have an uneven playing surface which instrument that your balance will have to be evermore adjusted as you are running. But in individual and racquet sports the playing surface is moderately constant with the exception of golf, where a stance whitethorn have to be altered to adjust to the surface. muscle sense this is where the body senses the muscle movement and contraction it is sometimes known as muscle memory. It is if the movement feels right to the performer. It is developed through practice and experience one example would be a conversion surge in rugby the player may take there step away from the ball in the same way they usually do but they may just feel that they are non in the right pl ace. It doesnt apply as much in team games as in individual and racquet sports apart from set plays.Tactile sense this is the feeling of pressure this is important for all sports. It can be affected be the weather conditions because cold weather affects our ability to feel effectively.The short term sensory store is where all information is stored for a split second before it is processed. All relevant and irrelevant information is stored in here before it is replaced and lost. This does not differ between sports only what enters it does.The apprehension format is where all the information that has come from the short term sensory store is processed. This is when irrelevant information is thrown away and useful stimuli such as where the ball is, is kept to make a decision and stored in the STM. This will vary between individual, racquet and team sports because of the amount of stimuli. In team sports there are more stimuli so it takes longer to sort through whereas there are relat ively depressed amounts of stimuli in individual sports so it wont take as long to sort them out. It also differs depending upon whether the performer is experienced or not as it will be easier for a expert to sort through the stimuli because they have more experience. We sort through the stimuli with selective attention and take only the important pieces of information because only around 7-10 pieces of information can be stored in the STM.The information passed on from the perception stage is then stored in the STM. Because only 7-10 pieces of information can be stored an experienced player may collocate information together so that the position of all players is one piece, but a beginner may not be able to do this so each player may be a separate piece. Team sports would be much more affected because of the amount of information so not all stimuli can be stored so a poor decision may be made but less poor decisions will be made in an individual or racquet sport because there is less information.The LTM holds information on movement patterns and the results of using them in certain(prenominal) situations and can hold them for a lifetime. Team sports have many memories but individual sports may have less.The decision reservation process is where whats happening now (in the short term memory) with what has happened previously (in the long term memory). In the LTM the performer will be looking for similar situations and actions and their outcomes. This makes team games decision making process a lot longer because of the vast amount of information and achievable actions to take. Whereas in an individual sport there is much less information and less possible actions.The motor output is the process of the chosen skill. One example may be for a badminton player to put in a drop shot because the opponent is at the back of the court. The action is referred to the muscle movement in the LTM. The action and its consequences are then stored in the long term memory for future reference.Individual sports, because they are one by one paced, make them the simplest in the IP model. Also because there are fewer stimuli there is a shorter reply time which gives the performer more time to carry out the IP model which should result in a better decision.Racquet sports are externally paced due to the fact that there is an opponent this means that there is less time for the performer to react. There are some irrelevant stimuli which will slow down the IP model which means it takes longer to decide than in an individual sport but not as long as in a team sport because there are fewer possibilities for what action to take.Team sports are externally paced which reduces the time available to react. Also there are much more irrelevant stimuli in team sports, this will lengthen the IP. The IP will also be lengthened due to the complexity of most team games because there are more situations and possible responses to choose from.BibliographyAdvanced PE for Ed excel Heinemann by F. Galligan et al.